Bibliography

Books;

Barthes, R., 1972. Mythologies, United States: Hill & Wang.

Culler, J., 2002. Barthes: A Very Short Introduction, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Della Prtella, I., Fifield, B. & Parr, M., 2007.Tuttaroma: A contemporay guide to Rome, Italy: Contrasto due. 

John, T,. 1994. A Dream of England 1st ed., United Kingdom. Distirbed exclusively in the USA and Canada by St. Martins Press.

Kippin, J. & Kippin, H., 2010. Local: Government, People, Photography, Politics, United Kingdom: Art Editions North.

Osboune, P., 2000. Travelling Light: Photography, Travel and Visual Culture, United Kingdom: New York: Manchester University Press, 2000. 

PARR, M., Small World Dewi Lewis Publishing, 1994

Parr, M. & Villarreal, R., 2006. Mexico, United Kingdom: Thames & Hudson.

Wells, L., 2002. The photography reader, United Kingdom: London Routledge, 2003.

Wells, L., Land Matters. Lanscape Photography, Culture and Identity, United States: I. B. Tauris & Company.

Websites; 

http://johnkippin.com/archive/nostalagia-for-the-future.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Guides


http://www.jameshymangallery.com/artists/17200/paul-reas

http://www.martinparr.com/2012/too-much-photography/

http://www.ac.aup.fr/~ggilbert/theorypages/Barthes.html

http://blindflaneur.com/contact/browse-the-archives/flaneurs-gallery/gustave-caillebotte-paris-street-rainy-day/

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2089243/Slumdogs-New-York-The-remarkable-images-capturing-immigrant-families-unrecognisable-19th-century-New-York.html

http://tomclarkblog.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/tight-spaces-thomas-annan-old-closes.html

http://www.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/blog/rip-rosie-the-riveter/

http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/lists/10-wonderful-sci-fi-women

http://www.iefimerida.gr/news/181288/tzeims-mpont-o-sexistis-misogynis-deinosayros-eikones

http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_14.html

https://www.tumblr.com/search/nan+goldin

http://www.impressions-gallery.com/exhibitions/exhibition.php?id=62

http://www.jameshymangallery.com/artists/17200/8965/paul-reas/flogging-a-dead-horse-eden-camp

http://shutterhub.org.uk/blog/paul-reas-day-dreaming-about-the-good-times



Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE_hI6peZ-c

Roland Barthes Blue Guide

"Blue Guides

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Blue Guide - Book - July 2014

The Blue Guides are a series of highly detailed and authoritative travel guidebooks focusing almost exclusively on art and architecture along with the history and context necessary to understand them. (A minimum of practical travel information is also generally included.)"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Guides

From the research I've gathered the blue guides are tourist guides which are commonly known or stereotyped as tourist guides for the middle classes. Reason being the guides give tourist information about art, architecture and such tourist sights only the more prestige would be expected to visit. 

Roland Barthes Mythologies; Blue Guide

In the text mythologies Roland Barthes speaks of his views on the blue guide and how something like this creates a myth around tourism. He speaks of how tourism has created stereotypes for places and the people from those places, and how this ultimately creates a myth or false sense. 

The Semeotic Approach

Semiotics for Begginers 

http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem01.html



Signifiers and signs.

A sign is an image or an object, that may look like one thing but signify something else.
a perfect example of this would be traffic lights. green, amber and red lights are what they are, however they signify go, get ready and stop.

This image of dianna, to what meets the eye is the coffin presumably with dianna in and an image of her face when she was alive. The signifiers for this image are that her image is smiling which instantly creates a warming open feel and put her in a positive view for the viewer. The image is place in the top left hand corner meaning she is elevated, so the viewer is forced to look upward to her smile. the image of the coffin presents people stood in mourning of her coffin. The choice of both these images has been very particular in order to give off a certain opinion or feel for the reader.

"If you go into a bookshop and ask them where to find a book on semiotics you are likely to meet with a blank look. Even worse, you might be asked to define what semiotics is - which would be a bit tricky if you were looking for a beginner's guide. It's worse still if you do know a bit about semiotics, because it can be hard to offer a simple definition which is of much use in the bookshop. If you've ever been in such a situation, you'll probably agree that it's wise not to ask. Semiotics could be anywhere. The shortest definition is that it is the study of signs. But that doesn't leave enquirers much wiser. 'What do you mean by a sign?' people usually ask next. The kinds of signs that are likely to spring immediately to mind are those which we routinely refer to as 'signs' in everyday life, such as road signs, pub signs and star signs. If you were to agree with them that semiotics can include the study of all these and more, people will probably assume that semiotics is about 'visual signs'. You would confirm their hunch if you said that signs can also be drawings, paintings and photographs, and by now they'd be keen to direct you to the art and photography sections. But if you are thick-skinned and tell them that it also includes words, sounds and 'body language' they may reasonably wonder what all these things have in common and how anyone could possibly study such disparate phenomena. If you get this far they've probably already 'read the signs' which suggest that you are either eccentric or insane and communication may have ceased.
Assuming that you are not one of those annoying people who keeps everyone waiting with your awkward question, if you are searching for books on semiotics you could do worse than by starting off in the linguistics section."                           

Gender and Otherness

The male Gaze


Otherness revolves around the concept of social identities. in every society labelling and identies are made. what otherness refers to is the difference between two social groups and the way one group may view another. 

Gender links with the term 'Gaze'. In society emphasis on the difference or otherness between gender is made quite obvious. One issue or theme which comes from this difference and 'other' view society has between genders is the male gaze. The male gaze is made evident through films, film characters and media such as magazines. 

This idea of the male gaze stems back many years. 
takes world war II for example...

http://www.stuffmomnevertoldyou.com/blog/rip-rosie-the-riveter/

Due to the male gaze, being viewed as weaker than man ext woman had to step up and used media to prove them otherwise. In more modern day apparaoches to the male gaze, film characters are made and photographs are taken of women to for fill the male gaze. 

http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/lists/10-wonderful-sci-fi-women

Barbarella 1960s

Another example of women film characters made to suit the male gaze would be Bond girls. 

http://www.iefimerida.gr/news/181288/tzeims-mpont-o-sexistis-misogynis-deinosayros-eikones

FSA 1930's

1930's Photography, 
Walker Evens, Russell Lee.




http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_14.html

"Like many governmental agencies, the FSA set up a publicity department to help explain to the public and Congress what its programs were trying to accomplish and the problems it was trying to solve. But because of the desperation of the Depression and the missionary zeal of the New Dealers, the FSA went far beyond almost any other agency before or since in documenting this era."

FSA photographers were commissioned to capture the land and poverty of the families left behind in these areas after the dust bowl. Popular photographers of this time were Walker Evans and Russell Lee.

The images create a feeling of pity and sorrow for the families. The images are taken in a way which provokes the viewer to feel a connection with the families and feel sorry towards them.

Nan Golding

Nan Golding documentary Images



In class we watched a documentary film about the life of nan golding. In the video nan speaks of her life from a young age and how early she began to experiment with photography. Photography for nan was a part of her life, she didn't do it as anything serious in order to make a career or money out of it to begin with, it was more like a diary of her every day life, and a coping mechanism. The film shows images of nan and her friends partying, taking drugs and gives an honest representation of teenage life in New York at the time. Nan's work is extremely inspiring for me personally as i like how she literally snaps images of whatever she wants, her style of photography is so care free, down to earth and relatable. She shows how photography doesn't have to be something you think intensely about in order to create a great image, she shows the camera is an emotional and expressive tool. 


“I used to think that I could never lose anyone if I photographed them enough. In fact, my pictures show me how much I’ve lost.” - Nan Goldin 

https://www.tumblr.com/search/nan+goldin

Many images are posed however many are natural shots of parties and drug taking. 

Photography and the Urban experience

Jeff Wall & Tom Hunter

The work of Tom Hunter and Jeff Wall presents the city in the 21st century. There work is not just about photographing but using fine art and set ups to create images. 

Behind the scenes with Tom Hunter at the Royal Shakespeare Company | RSC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE_hI6peZ-c

This video shows the mass process in which it takes to set up an image by Tom Hunter. Tom hunter in the past has used items such as hackney gazette headings to inspire his set up images which appear to be in a documentary style. 

Tom Hunter;

Many of Hunter's images re-create either real life situations or re-create the old scenes found in famous paintings in a modern day reality. 

Jeff Wall.

Jeff Walls photography looks to be documentary photography, capturing real life situations first hand. At a first glance without knowing anything about the photographer i believed he had genuinely managed to capture these hard to capture moments in real life situations on the streets. After research however i came to find that jeff wall uses every day or real life situations and re-creates them, using set ups and actors to create images that look as though they've genuinely been documented from real life.